{"id":68714,"date":"2024-07-11T22:38:04","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T20:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=68714"},"modified":"2024-07-11T22:40:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T20:40:34","slug":"france-lensemble-des-femmes-afghanes-pourraient-etre-considerees-comme-refugiees-une-premiere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=68714","title":{"rendered":"France: \u00abl’ensemble des femmes afghanes\u00bb pourraient \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es, une premi\u00e8re"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’ensemble des femmes afghanes<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb qui fuient l’Afghanistan en raison des mesures discriminatoires prises \u00e0 leur encontre par les talibans \u00ab\u00a0peuvent obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0a statu\u00e9 jeudi\u00a011\u00a0juillet la Cour nationale du droit d’asile (CNDA). Dans sa d\u00e9cision hautement symbolique et in\u00e9dite, la juridiction consid\u00e8re \u00ab\u00a0les femmes afghanes<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb comme un \u00ab\u00a0groupe social<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re et pouvant subir des discriminations en raison de cette \u00ab\u00a0appartenance<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour la France, \u00ab les femmes et jeunes filles afghanes sont, dans leur ensemble, per\u00e7ues d’une mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 afghane<\/em> \u00bb et \u00ab doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme appartenant \u00e0 un groupe social susceptible d’\u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9 comme r\u00e9fugi\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb, ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 les juges de la Cour nationale du droit d’asile (CNDA), selon un communiqu\u00e9<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette d\u00e9cision a une port\u00e9e symbolique forte en facilitant leur protection. C\u2019est une premi\u00e8re, car jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, \u00ab aucun groupe social des femmes n’<\/em>[\u00e9tait] reconnu<\/em> \u00bb, indique-t-on \u00e0 la CNDA. En bref, le simple fait d’\u00eatre une femme ou une jeune fille en Afghanistan devrait permettre d’obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 en France, estime la juridiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les talibans, depuis leur retour au pouvoir en ao\u00fbt 2021, ont \u00ab port\u00e9 atteinte<\/em> \u00bb aux \u00ab droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentaux des femmes et des jeunes filles afghanes<\/em>, notamment en les excluant du gouvernement provisoire,<\/em> […] ainsi qu’en remettant en cause leur droit \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation et leur libert\u00e9 d’aller et venir<\/em> \u00bb, rel\u00e8ve la Cour fran\u00e7aise. Ces \u00ab graves mesures discriminatoires<\/em> \u00bb constituent des \u00ab actes de pers\u00e9cution<\/em> \u00bb au sens de la convention de Gen\u00e8ve, poursuit-elle, s’appuyant \u00e9galement sur les rapports du Haut Comissariat des Nations unies aux droits de l’Homme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette instance statue sur les recours introduits par les \u00e9trangers d\u00e9bout\u00e9s en premi\u00e8re instance par l’Office fran\u00e7ais de protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et apatrides (Ofpra) de leur demande d’asile en France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En France<\/a><\/strong>, le droit d’asile repose en premier lieu sur la Convention de Gen\u00e8ve de 1951 relative au statut des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. L’article 1 de cette convention internationale, adopt\u00e9e dans l’apr\u00e8s-guerre, dispose que \u00ab le terme \u00ab\u00a0<\/em>r\u00e9fugi\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb s’appliquera \u00e0 toute personne <\/em>[…] craignant avec raison d’\u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e du fait de sa race, de sa religion, de sa nationalit\u00e9, de son appartenance \u00e0 un certain groupe social ou de ses opinions politiques<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il revient aux juges de d\u00e9finir ce qui rel\u00e8ve d’un \u00ab groupe social <\/em>\u00bb, moins d\u00e9fini que la religion ou les opinions politiques. La CNDA reconna\u00eet d\u00e9j\u00e0 l’existence d’un \u00ab groupe social<\/em> \u00bb dans le cas des homosexuels dans certains pays – comme le Mali, la Tunisie ou l’\u00c9gypte. Elle le consid\u00e8re \u00e9galement pour des femmes voulant se soustraire \u00e0 un mariage forc\u00e9 – dans le cas du Mali, de la Mauritanie, de la Guin\u00e9e, du Burkina Faso, entre autres -, tout comme pour des femmes risquant l’excision, comme en \u00c9gypte ou au Cameroun, entre autres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jusqu’ici en France, seules les femmes fuyant un mariage forc\u00e9, les fillettes craignant l’excision ou les femmes s’\u00e9tant extraites d’un r\u00e9seau de prostitution pouvaient b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la protection de la Convention de Gen\u00e8ve. Cela du fait de leur appartenance \u00e0 un \u00ab\u00a0certain groupe social<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Uniformiser la jurisprudence pour les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir<\/em> \u00bb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

En plus de cette question de principe, la question des femmes fait l’objet de trois autres affaires des juges de la CNDA, examin\u00e9es le 14 juin. Elles concernent une Afghane \u00e9voquant la perte de droits depuis l’arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir des talibans en 2021, une Albanaise redoutant des violences domestiques et une Mexicaine des violences sexuelles. Elle va se prononcer sur ces trois dossiers \u00e0 part. Mais la question pourra ult\u00e9rieurement \u00eatre pos\u00e9e pour d’autres pays, indique-t-elle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Cela va uniformiser la jurisprudence pour les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir, car les d\u00e9cisions de la Cour en grande formation s’imposent \u00e0 toutes les formations de jugement et \u00e0 l’Ofpra<\/em> \u00bb, explique-t-on \u00e0 la CNDA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La jurisprudence de la Cour de Justice de l’Union europ\u00e9enne (CJUE) a ouvert la voie le 16 janvier 2024 \u00e0 une telle d\u00e9cision. \u00ab Les femmes, dans leur ensemble, peuvent \u00eatre regard\u00e9es comme appartenant \u00e0 un groupe social <\/em>\u00bb et pr\u00e9tendre ainsi \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e si \u00ab dans leur pays d’origine, elles sont expos\u00e9es, en raison de leur sexe, \u00e0 des violences physiques ou mentales, y compris des violences sexuelles et domestiques<\/em> \u00bb, selon l’arr\u00eat de la CJUE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’Afghanistan<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0est le premier pays d’origine des demandeurs d’asile en France depuis cinq ans : 17\u00a0103\u00a0premi\u00e8res demandes d’asile ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9pos\u00e9es en\u00a02022, soit 15\u00a0% du total, selon l’Ofpra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RFI via CONGO PUB Online<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00ab\u00a0L’ensemble des femmes afghanes\u00a0\u00bb qui fuient l’Afghanistan en raison des mesures discriminatoires prises \u00e0 leur encontre par les talibans \u00ab\u00a0peuvent obtenir le statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0a statu\u00e9 jeudi\u00a011\u00a0juillet la Cour nationale…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":68716,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[844,54],"tags":[7424,723,7425],"class_list":["post-68714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-monde","tag-lensemble-des-femmes-afghanes-pourraient-etre-considerees-comme-refugiees","tag-france","tag-une-premiere"],"yoast_head":"\nFrance: 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