{"id":87177,"date":"2025-08-03T14:03:18","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T12:03:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177"},"modified":"2025-08-03T14:03:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T12:03:18","slug":"europe-les-discours-identitaires-alimentent-ils-les-violences-xenophobes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177","title":{"rendered":"Europe: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Depuis deux mois, diff\u00e9rents pays d\u2019Europe sont secou\u00e9s par des vagues de mobilisations anti-immigration qui sombrent dans la violence. L\u2019\u00e9mergence de cette tendance t\u00e9moigne de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 grandissante des discours identitaires aupr\u00e8s des populations particuli\u00e8rement touch\u00e9es par les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irlande du Nord, Espagne, Royaume-Uni… Depuis le mois de juin, les manifestations anti-immigration se multiplient en Europe, occasionnant presque syst\u00e9matiquement des violences. Difficile de ne pas voir le spectre des \u00e9meutes britanniques de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier planer au-dessus de ces mobilisations qui \u00e9mulent le d\u00e9chainement de violence survenu outre-Manche apr\u00e8s le meurtre de trois jeunes filles \u00e0 Southport le 29 juillet 2024. Il aura fallu moins d\u2019un an pour que des rassemblements du m\u00eame ordre agitent de nouveau l\u2019archipel britannique, mais aussi l\u2019Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 9 juin 2025, c\u2019est d\u2019abord la ville de Ballymena, en Irlande du Nord<\/a><\/strong> qui s\u2019embrase apr\u00e8s l\u2019arrestation, la veille, de deux adolescents d\u2019origine roumaine suspect\u00e9s d\u2019avoir agress\u00e9 sexuellement une jeune fille. Un mois plus tard, le 9 juillet, l\u2019Espagne sombre \u00e0 son tour dans la violence x\u00e9nophobe apr\u00e8s l\u2019agression d\u2019un homme de 68 ans dans la ville de Torre Pacheco<\/a><\/strong>, en Murcie. Dans le m\u00eame temps, commencent \u00e0 Epping, au nord de Londres<\/a><\/strong>, des rassemblements violents d\u2019opposants \u00e0 l\u2019immigration devant le Bell Hotel. Les abords de cet \u00e9tablissement qui accueille des demandeurs d\u2019asile continuent d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement investis par des centaines de manifestants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eame les rassemblements du 19 juillet en Pologne<\/a><\/strong>, quoique \u00ab pacifiques<\/em> \u00bb, ont vu de nombreux cort\u00e8ges arborant le slogan \u00ab Stop \u00e0 l\u2019immigration<\/em> \u00bb investir les rues de plus de 80 villes du pays, et s\u2019inscrivent dans ce climat de contestation de plus en plus visible de la politique d\u2019accueil europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Nous assistons \u00e0 une \u00e9rosion d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e des principes fondamentaux de la coexistence d\u00e9mocratique<\/em> \u00bb, mart\u00e8le Gemma Pinyol Jim\u00e9nez, professeure \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de sciences politiques et de sociologie de l\u2019universit\u00e9 autonome de Barcelone. Continuer de consid\u00e9rer ces d\u00e9monstrations de force comme des \u00e9v\u00e9nements isol\u00e9s serait \u00ab courir le risque de passer \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 du n\u0153ud du probl\u00e8me<\/em> \u00bb, \u00e0 savoir \u00ab la normalisation grandissante de discours haineux et x\u00e9nophobes<\/em> \u00bb, poursuit la chercheuse. Reste \u00e0 savoir pourquoi ces discours trouvent une nouvelle r\u00e9sonance aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u0153uf ou la poule ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Difficile d\u2019isoler une cause profonde de cette r\u00e9surgence de violences. Les discours identitaires, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement promus par l\u2019extr\u00eame droite, n\u2019ont pas disparu depuis le d\u00e9but du XXI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Mais le retour des violences fr\u00e9quentes de grande ampleur s\u2019inscrit dans un regain de popularit\u00e9 de ces id\u00e9es. Ces derni\u00e8res sont-elles ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019origine des \u00e9meutes ou jouent-elles un r\u00f4le de catalyseur de tensions pr\u00e9existantes ? La r\u00e9ponse n\u2019est pas \u00e9vidente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00ab in\u00e9galit\u00e9s grandissantes, l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9conomique ou la fragmentation sociale<\/em> \u00bb sont autant de raisons qui poussent ceux qui en sont victimes \u00e0 voir dans les discours identitaires une r\u00e9ponse unique \u00e0 leur situation, selon Gemma Pinyol Jim\u00e9nez. Sans \u00eatre la seule raison de l\u2019\u00e9mergence de ces violences x\u00e9nophobes, ces positions \u00ab entretiennent la peur, pr\u00f4nent l\u2019exclusion et conf\u00e8rent une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019action violente<\/em> \u00bb, selon la chercheuse. Le migrant prend un r\u00f4le de \u00ab bouc-\u00e9missaire<\/em> \u00bb et devient un \u00ab danger plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un \u00eatre humain <\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Les prix \u00e9lev\u00e9s des logements, le ch\u00f4mage ou des conditions de travails pr\u00e9caires <\/em>\u00bb <\/em>rendent attrayantes l\u2019envie de \u00ab bl\u00e2mer les immigr\u00e9s pour tous les maux de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb, selon Zenia Hellgren, sociologue \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 publique de Barcelone et membre d\u2019un groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur l\u2019immigration. Au Royaume-Uni, le taux de ch\u00f4mage des jeunes tourne aux alentours des 14 % et en Espagne d\u00e9passe les 24 %. Les deux pays traversent \u00e9galement une importante crise des logements. Des situations sur lesquelles s\u2019appuient les discours anti-immigration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Grande-Bretagne, les passages successifs de Boris Johnson puis de Richi Sunak \u00e0 Downing Street ont entretenu l\u2019id\u00e9e de la crise migratoire. Voil\u00e0 des ann\u00e9es que le feu couve et il ne suffit aux identitaires de l\u2019extr\u00eame droite britannique que d\u2019un l\u00e9ger souffle pour l\u2019entretenir des jours durant. Sans s\u2019\u00eatre encore pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 aux abords du Bell Hotel, qu\u2019il qualifie \u00ab d\u2019h\u00f4tel des migrants <\/em>\u00bb, l\u2019influenceur islamophobe Tommy Robinson a r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement utilis\u00e9 son compte X \u00e0 1,3 million d\u2019abonn\u00e9s pour soutenir les manifestants. Nigel Farage, le leader du parti d\u2019extr\u00eame droite \u00ab Reform UK \u00bb, s\u2019est \u00e9galement illustr\u00e9 dans l\u2019affaire Epping en reprenant \u00e0 son compte une d\u00e9sinformation concernant l\u2019acheminement de contre-manifestants en bus par la police. Qui plus est, ces discours entretiennent le besoin de faire corps face \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2019Autre \u00bb, en dramatisant la question pour mieux jouer sur les peurs collectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le sectarisme et l\u2019exclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cette observation se v\u00e9rifie particuli\u00e8rement en Irlande du Nord o\u00f9 le sectarisme fait partie int\u00e9grante de l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Ulster. Cet \u00ab h\u00e9ritage s\u2019observe dans des lieux comme Ballymena<\/em> \u00bb, selon Jack Crangle, professeur d\u2019histoire moderne \u00e0 la Queen\u2019s University de Belfast. Cette hostilit\u00e9 qui a longtemps r\u00e9git les rapports entre catholiques et protestants, nationalistes et unionistes, \u00ab s\u2019est progressivement dirig\u00e9e vers un nouvel \u2018\u2018Autre\u2019\u2019 \u00e0 mesure que l\u2019immigration en Irlande du Nord a augment\u00e9<\/em> \u00bb, observe l\u2019historien dans un article intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Northern Ireland has a long history of immigration and diversity. And of racism<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019augmentation d\u2019entreprises x\u00e9nophobes de la part de certaines mouvances loyalistes est document\u00e9e depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es. L\u2019une des plus r\u00e9centes en date s\u2019est produit le 10 juillet 2025 lorsqu\u2019un bucher, \u00e9rig\u00e9 \u00e0 Moygashel dans le cadre d\u2019une tradition loyaliste annuelle s\u2019est illustr\u00e9 par l\u2019installation, \u00e0 son sommet, d\u2019un bateau rempli de mannequins \u00e0 la peau noire accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019une pancarte appelant \u00e0 \u00ab arr\u00eater les bateaux<\/em> \u00bb. Mais la promotion du rejet de l\u2019\u00e9tranger n\u2019\u00e9pargne pas l\u2019Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa mont\u00e9e en force en 2019, le parti d\u2019extr\u00eame droite espagnol Vox s\u2019appuie sur \u00ab l\u2019imaginaire de la Reconquista \u00bb, selon Carole Vi\u00f1als, ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences-HDR \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lille, sp\u00e9cialiste en civilisation de l\u2019Espagne contemporaine. \u00ab Ils rejettent toute atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019unit\u00e9 territoriale de l\u2019Espagne, poursuit la chercheuse, mise en p\u00e9ril par l\u2019accueil de populations immigr\u00e9s<\/em> \u00bb. Aux \u00e9lections r\u00e9gionales de 2023, le parti de Santiago Abascal a doubl\u00e9 son score national de 12,3 % dans la province de Murcie, atteignant 26 % dans la municipalit\u00e9 de Torre Pacheco. Le pr\u00e9sident de Vox en Murcie, Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Antelo, est d\u2019ailleurs vis\u00e9 par une enqu\u00eate pour incitation \u00e0 la haine raciale dans le cadre des \u00e9meutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette augmentation dans l\u2019intensit\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9chelle des violences x\u00e9nophobes en Europe depuis l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier doivent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s dans leur globalit\u00e9, estime Gemma Pinyol Jim\u00e9nez. La chercheuse insiste sur le besoin d\u2019encadrer \u00ab les discours haineux<\/em> \u00bb mais avant tout de r\u00e9pondre aux \u00ab r\u00e9els besoins de la population, en renfor\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00c9tat social et la coh\u00e9sion citoyenne<\/em> \u00bb. Il s\u2019agirait alors pour les \u00c9tats europ\u00e9ens de traiter le probl\u00e8me \u00e0 la racine, en conciliant accueil de populations immigr\u00e9es et stabilisation du socle social national. Sans cela, ils prennent le risque d\u2019attiser la rh\u00e9torique de la \u00ab pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence nationale<\/em> \u00bb brandie par les identitaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RFI<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span> 249<\/span> Vues<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Depuis deux mois, diff\u00e9rents pays d\u2019Europe sont secou\u00e9s par des vagues de mobilisations anti-immigration qui sombrent dans la violence. L\u2019\u00e9mergence de cette tendance t\u00e9moigne de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 grandissante des discours identitaires…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[844],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une"],"yoast_head":"\nEurope: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes? - Congo Pub Online<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Europe: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Europe: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Europe: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Congo Pub Online\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/Congopubonline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-03T12:03:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/congopub.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1218\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin9775\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CONGOPUBOnline\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CONGOPUBOnline\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin9775\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin9775\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/#\/schema\/person\/d2f3a940be2e9c1a0e4f8831e203f3cc\"},\"headline\":\"Europe: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-03T12:03:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177\"},\"wordCount\":1322,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ue_manif.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c0 la Une\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/congopubonline.com\/?p=87177\",\"name\":\"Europe: les discours identitaires alimentent-ils les violences x\u00e9nophobes? 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