RDC<\/strong><\/a> affiche une croissance sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne de l’Afrique subsaharienne, port\u00e9e par le secteur minier. Mais dans son rapport sur la situation \u00e9conomique du pays publi\u00e9, en mars 2026, la Banque mondiale dresse un constat s\u00e9v\u00e8re sur les entreprises publiques congolaises : pertes financi\u00e8res massives, endettement croissant, gouvernance d\u00e9faillante, infrastructures vieillissantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPour l’institution, ces fragilit\u00e9s ne concernent plus seulement les entreprises elles-m\u00eames. Elles p\u00e8sent sur les finances de l’\u00c9tat, sur la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9conomie et sur les conditions de vie de la population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Des pertes qui s’accumulent depuis dix ans<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Entre 2014 et 2023, les entreprises publiques congolaises ont accumul\u00e9 environ 5,3 milliards de dollars de pertes, soit plus de 500 millions par an, un montant que la Banque mondiale met en perspective de fa\u00e7on brutale : il correspond presque au budget annuel de la Sant\u00e9 en RDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plus des deux tiers des entreprises pour lesquelles des donn\u00e9es sont disponibles ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 des pertes, en 2023. Dans le domaine de l’Energie, des Transports et de l’Eau, SNEL, RVA, SNCC, ONATRA et REGIDESO sont les plus expos\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Une dette qui menace les Finances publiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La dette de ces entreprises est pass\u00e9e de 5,7 % du PIB, en 2019, \u00e0 7,3 % en 2023. Elle repr\u00e9sente d\u00e9sormais environ 42 % de la dette ext\u00e9rieure publique de la RDC. Un d\u00e9faut de paiement total des onze principales entreprises publiques co\u00fbterait au Tr\u00e9sor environ 179 millions de dollars en une seule ann\u00e9e. La SNEL concentre \u00e0 elle seule 75 % de cette dette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les difficult\u00e9s de tr\u00e9sorerie sont chroniques : certaines cr\u00e9ances restent impay\u00e9es, pendant pr\u00e8s de quatre ans, et les d\u00e9lais de paiement des cr\u00e9anciers peuvent d\u00e9passer trois ans. R\u00e9sultat : plusieurs entreprises empruntent, non pour investir, mais pour couvrir leurs d\u00e9ficits de liquidit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gouvernance : le contr\u00f4le dilu\u00e9, la transparence absente<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La Banque mondiale d\u00e9crit des conseils d’administration politis\u00e9s, des nominations sans crit\u00e8res de comp\u00e9tence, un contr\u00f4le fragment\u00e9 entre plusieurs institutions. En 2024, seules dix des vingt principales entreprises publiques ont publi\u00e9 leurs \u00e9tats financiers. Sur les cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, seules cinq l’ont fait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c9lectricit\u00e9 et eau : l’abondance th\u00e9orique, la p\u00e9nurie r\u00e9elle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La RDC n’utilise que 3,2 % de sa capacit\u00e9 hydro\u00e9lectrique install\u00e9e. Seuls 22 % de la population ont acc\u00e8s au r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique. La SNEL enregistre 37 % de pertes techniques sur sa production. Les d\u00e9lestages sont permanents, les co\u00fbts pour les entreprises \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans le secteur de l’eau, la REGIDESO ne couvre que 16 % de la population. Dans les zones rurales et semi-urbaines, l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’eau potable reste inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 14 %. En 2024, environ 40 % de l’eau produite n’arrive pas jusqu’aux usagers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le minier public, paradoxe dans le paradoxe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La croissance congolaise repose sur les mines. En 2025, les exportations de cuivre ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 3,4 millions de tonnes, mais les entreprises mini\u00e8res publiques sont elles-m\u00eames fragilis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Newsletter<\/strong>Recevez toute l’actualit\u00e9 internationale directement dans votre boite mailJe m’abonne<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00c0 la MIBA, les charges salariales repr\u00e9sentent 137 % du chiffre d’affaires. La G\u00e9camines concentre environ 16 % de la dette totale des entreprises publiques, m\u00eame si elle a enregistr\u00e9 le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice le plus important parmi les entreprises observ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deux points de croissance en jeu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
La Banque mondiale r\u00e9clame une clarification du r\u00f4le de l’\u00c9tat actionnaire, des nominations fond\u00e9es sur le m\u00e9rite, une transparence financi\u00e8re r\u00e9elle et une r\u00e9duction des interf\u00e9rences politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L’institution chiffre l’enjeu : des r\u00e9formes efficaces pourraient faire progresser la croissance potentielle de la RDC d’environ deux points de pourcentage au-dessus des projections actuelles. C’est le prix de l’inaction qui est pos\u00e9 sur la table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
RFI<\/p>\n
<\/span> 52<\/span> Vues<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La Banque mondiale publie un rapport particuli\u00e8rement critique sur les entreprises publiques en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Dans ce document consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation \u00e9conomique du pays, consult\u00e9 par…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":96246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[844,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie"],"yoast_head":"\n
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